Q: What does God require in the first, second, and third commandments?
A: First, that we know and trust God as the only true and living God. Second, that we avoid all idolatry and do not worship God improperly. Third, that we treat God’s name with fear and reverence, honoring also his Word and works.
Deuteronomy 6:13–14
It is the Lord your God you shall fear. Him you shall serve and by his name you shall swear. You shall not go after other gods, the gods of the peoples who are around you.
The first three commandments in the Ten Commandments can be said to deal with our relationship and duty to God. The concern over these first three commandments is that we worship God alone and give glory unto God alone.
The first commandment teaches us that the main principle of piety is to give God what is His own. The first commandment can be said to be the summation of the entire Law: adore God alone, serve Him alone, and give Him total affection.
As John Calvin says: “Since God has prescribed to us how He would be worshiped by us, whenever we turn away in the very smallest degree from this rule, we make to ourselves other gods, and degrade Him from His right place.”
In ancient world, nations that abandoned an earthly king who had done much for them and entered into league with an outside ruler were considered guilty of high treason. How much worse, then, is it to turn one’s back on the great King who paid such a high price to rescue His people?
May God’s people never elevate someone or something above God Himself for they are committing the greatest betrayal possible.
Also, in our elevating other being or thing, we make ourselves slaves to that being or thing. As Peter tells us: “For whatever overcomes a person, to that he is enslaved.” (2 Peter 2:19)
Are we not slaves to so many different things that the world has to offer us? Or perhaps, better put, are we not so “addicted” to all these different things in the world?
Though we may no longer worship figures of wood or stone, we still worship other subtle things – money, sex, drugs, alcohol, body image, work, entertainment, and the list goes on forever. When we place anything before the pursuit of God, to that we become enslaved to.
“For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.” (Galatians 5:1)
Praise God that, although we easily can become enslaved to so many different things in the world, God has set us free in Christ so that we can worship and glorify the only one true God. And now, being free, God calls us to live our lives coram Deo. Live in the presence of God, under the authority of God, to the glory of God.
The second commandment shows us the folly of men to easily fall a victim to sin of idolatry. Human beings are more prone to idolatry than are prone to atheism.
“For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.” (Romans 1:21-23)
Apart from grace, we remain alienated and hateful of the God who has made Himself know to us through the nature and through the Word. As it is the case, it becomes frighteningly easy for us to fashion deities in our own image.
For some, it is the building of the statues – especially in other religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism. However, in many other cases, it becomes creating mental picture of what God is like. “God is so loving that He would never condemn anyone to hell.”
As John Calvin says: “Man’s nature, so to speak, is a perpetual factory of idols.” We would endlessly produce idols without even putting a conscious effort to do so. Because of our inclination to idolatry and possible images of God, God calls us against it.
Furthermore, we lack the understanding of the form or the image of God. “Then the LORD spoke to you out of the midst of the fire. You heard the sound of words, but saw no form; there was only a voice.” (Deuteronomy 4:12) Throughout the Bible, God speaks rather than shows His form. He is invisible and incomprehensible God.
As Christians, however, we do have this form or the image of God that was made visible to us and who is to be worshiped. “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creations” (Colossians 1:15) – it is Jesus Christ.
“Jesus said to him [Philip], “Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?”” (John 14:9)
“He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power.” (Hebrews 1:3)
God has made known to us the image of Him that is to be worshiped – Jesus Christ. Don’t look any longer to the created things, to nature, to animals, to other people, to things that bring you satisfaction. Look to Christ – the image, the icon of the invisible God!
The third commandment teaches the importance of God’s name. Throughout the Scripture, the names reflect the character of the person.
“God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM.” And he said, “Say this to the people of Israel, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’” (Exodus 3:14)
All that God is can be summed up in His name and to misuse the name of God is to hold God disgraceful to His character. When we misuse the name of God, we disgrace His character and who He is. The third commandment is a stark reminder that setting His name as holy is giving Him reverence as our true Maker and Lord.
Therefore, the third commandment deals with the matter of how we should worship God. In His revealing of His name, God tells us precisely that our Creator depends on nothing outside of Himself for His existence and His character. When we take God lightly, that is when we take God in vain.
There are many ways in which we take the name of God very lightly. It happens when we swear (make a vow and cursing) using the name of God, when we falsely prophesy in the name of God, when we worship God wrongly (not according to the proper doctrine), and when we take God’s name lightly in our advertising.
Furthermore, we dishonor God’s name when we mistreat other men and women. James warns us to not do so. “With it we bless our Lord and Father, and with it we curse people who are made in the likeness of God. From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brothers, these things ought not to be so.” (James 3:9-10)
When we mistreat those around us, we mistreat God who has created them. Westminster Catechism Q 113 states this clearly: “The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God’s name as is required; and the abuse of it in an ignorant, vain, irreverent, profane, superstitious, or wicked mentioning or otherwise using his titles, attributes, ordinances, or works, by blasphemy, perjury; all sinful cursings, oaths, vows, and lots; violating of our oaths and vows, if lawful; and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful; murmuring and quarreling at, curious prying into, and misapplying of God’s decrees and providences; misinterpreting, misapplying, or any way perverting the word, or any part of it, to profane jests, curious or unprofitable questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; abusing it, the creatures, or anything contained under the name of God, to charms, or sinful lusts and practices; the maligning, scorning, reviling, or any wise opposing of God’s truth, grace, and ways; making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends; being ashamed of it, or a shame to it, by unconformable, unwise, unfruitful, and offensive walking, or backsliding from it.”
May we not take the name of the Lord lightly. As John Calvin says: “We ought to be so disposed in mind and speech that we neither think nor say anything concerning God and his mysteries, without reverence and much soberness; that in estimating his works we conceive nothing but what is honorable to him.”
In the end of it all, God is meant to be glorified. However, as we glorify Him, we must also know that this is for ourselves as well. For God desires to share in His glory with us. When all is complete, God will give us His glory.
“The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs – heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.” (Romans 8:16-17)
“And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.” (Romans 8:30)
Praise God for giving us the laws to glorify Him because God knows what is the best for us. He knows that, in our glorifying of Him, we also are meant to share in His glory and receive His glory.